Proof of Stake (PoS) is a consensus algorithm used in some blockchain networks to validate transactions and create new blocks. Unlike Proof of Work (PoW), which requires miners to solve complex mathematical problems to add new blocks to the blockchain, PoS relies on validators who “stake” their own cryptocurrency as collateral to create new blocks and validate transactions.
In a PoS system, validators are selected to add new blocks to the blockchain based on the amount of cryptocurrency they have staked. The more cryptocurrency a validator has staked, the greater the chance they will be chosen to add a block and earn a reward. Validators are incentivized to act honestly and validate transactions correctly, as they risk losing their staked cryptocurrency if they are found to have acted maliciously.
PoS is seen as a more energy-efficient alternative to PoW, as it does not require the same level of computational power and electricity consumption. It also reduces the risk of centralization, as validators do not need to compete with each other to add new blocks. Instead, they work together to validate transactions and maintain the network.