2. Understanding Blockchain Technology
2.4 Review
Let's review the key concepts from this module.
Blockchain is a revolutionary digital ledger technology that records transactions in a secure, transparent, and decentralized manner. Unlike traditional centralized systems, blockchain creates a chain of interconnected data blocks, each containing a unique cryptographic hash, timestamp, and reference to the previous block.
[IMPORTANT] While blockchain and cryptocurrencies are closely related, they are distinct concepts. Bitcoin represents the most prominent example of a cryptocurrency built on blockchain technology, but the potential applications of blockchain extend far beyond digital currencies.
The technology offers significant advantages, including a distributed network structure, enhanced stability, and a trustless system that eliminates the need for intermediaries. However, it is not without challenges, such as potential 51% attacks, individual security responsibilities, and certain computational inefficiencies.
A distributed ledger represents a digital record-keeping system spread across multiple computers and devices, with each network participant maintaining an identical copy. Cryptographic algorithms ensure the security and simultaneous updating of these ledgers, making them resistant to tampering and unauthorized modifications.
[TIP] Beyond blockchain, alternative distributed ledger technologies like Hashgraph and Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) are emerging, promising innovative solutions for secure and transparent data management across various industries.
Consensus mechanisms play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of decentralized systems. The two primary consensus algorithms—Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS)—provide different approaches to validating transactions and maintaining network security.